The result will be a decrease in mining incentive, a decrease in mining, and ultimately all networks that allow merged mining will become insecure. Sublevel stoping is an underground mining method that involves the excavation. The deposits may be tabular in form, dipping at angles steeper than the angle of repose of the broken ore or flatter, if scrapers are employed for moving the ore in the ore passes, or to wide, thick ore bodies or masses. Oct 22, 2014 sublevel stoping underground mining methods 1. Stoping is the process of extracting the desired ore or other mineral from an underground mine. Since the mining system now in use is a sublevel caving mining method, it seems logical to consider increasing the dis tance between sublevels and the drawing off of a higher back. When the parameter of the room and pillar is 18m, the underground mining is safe and steady. The classification of stoping methods adopted by the u. Shortwall stoping versus sublevel longwall cavingretreat in. Underground mining machinery glossary bibliography biographical sketches summary the first section gives an overview of underg round mining methods and practices as used. Sublevel stoping mining methods are generally employed to. The method is similar to sublevel stoping except that the ore breaks. Fil1 is not required and manual labour requirements are low. The mining rate includes the mining of both waste and ore.
Cutandfill stoping is applicable to the mining of firm ore enclosed within walls, one or both of which are weak and heavy. Feb 10, 2018 black diamond drilling services australia database. Jun 25, 2010 sublevel caving is usually carried out when mining of the orebody through an open pit method is no longer economically feasible. Section 10 shrinkage methods mike turner australian mining. There are no coins kept on servers to discourage hackers. Dilution of the ore is inevitable with this method and complete recovery is therefore infeasible since the ore and waste rock rnix during caving. Sublevel cave minhg requires high powder factors of approximately 0. Longwall longwall in coal longwall in hard rock sublevel caving characteristics of the ore body and mining method development production equipments used block caving introduction historical. The ore body is developed by a series of sublevels usually spaced at vertical intervals of 18 to 25 or 30 feet more recently, intervals of 50 feet or more have been used. Sublevel caving is one of many different methods for underground hard rock mining.
In general sublevel stoping is a high production, yet lowcost method. Shrinkage mining was a common stoping method prior to mechanised mining and the introduction of hydraulic fill. The design examples used in this dissertation is based on the o640, l651 and n659. Sublevel caving is usually carried out when mining of the orebody through an open pit method is no longer economically feasible. Combining the equations for recovery and extraction also yields. Sublevel stoping is one of the most useful underground mining methods in steeply. Sublevel caving is a relatively safe mining method since the operations take place in small areas at a time and are highly mechanized. A mining method involving overhand, underhand, and shrinkage stoping. The underground mine is accessed by ramps driven from portals in the old open pits and the current depth of mining is some 200m below these portals.
The uppermost sublevel underneath the cover is partly caved. Sublevel caving mining method newtrax technologies inc. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. Integrated optimization of stope boundary selection and scheduling. Typically, underground mine has less environmental impact. Mining method, underground mining, roomandpillar mining, sublevel. Black diamond drilling services australia pty ltd 5,092 views.
Carly lovejoy investigates the current market 4648,5052,5460,dd 46 23052012 16. Its characteristic feature is the use of sublevels. Transportation literature infographic science technology illustrations education reading literatura. Jan 21, 2018 it is the best video for understanding how to do sublevel stoping mining method. Sublevel caving is a bulk mining method which is largely dependent upon the gravity. Selecting which mining method to use is one of the important.
When any ore body lies a considerable distance below the surface, the amount of waste that has to be removed in order to uncover the ore through surface mining becomes prohibitive, and underground techniques must be considered. International mining congress and exhibition of turkey imcet. Transaction fees are shared to the miners of the pool. In this method, the face is formed perpendicular to the seam strike and implemented in the form of slices 7. The sublevels are worked simultaneously, the lowest on a given block being farthest advanced and the subs above following one another at short intervals.
Counting against underground mining are the costs, which, for each ton of material mined, are much higher underground than on the. According to the similar material simulation technology, which is the main means, displacement monitoring and internal stress monitoring, several conclusions are summarized as bellow. In 2007, freeport mcmoran merged with phelps dodge. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Backfill practices for sublevel stoping system springerlink. It is a largescale mining method suitable for large ore bodies with a steep dip and a rock mass with a host rock in the hanging wall will fracture under controlled conditions. Keeping up with caving caving mining techniques are experiencing a surge of interest, thanks to a combination of favourable metal prices, high forecast demand and the need to exploit deeper, more complex orebodies at the lowest cost possible. Payout available as soon as clears it confirmations and becomes available to send. A comparison is also made between the highproductivity method and other mining methods, which shows that. It is not an exact science and in the choice of a method each varying factor has a certain weight, which, in many cases, experience alone can determine. Shrinkage stoping is an overhand mining method that is used for selfsupporting vertical ore bodies. Jul 21, 2016 underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using surface mining methods.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Sublevel open stoping originated in the early 1900s in iron ore mines in michigan, usa. Gohar area 3 iron ore deposit is to combine openpit and underground methods. Pdf longwall longwall in coal longwall in hard rock sublevel caving characteristics of the ore body and mining method development production. A sublevel stoping mining method is predominantly employed and the ore is trucked to surface using a variety of articulated dump trucks. This paper discusses the stope parameters of the sublevel subsequent filling stage in daye iron shizishan section. Study on sublevel open stoping with subsequent backfilling. The uniformly distributed nature of generally 5mx3. Bureau of mines, devised largely on the basis of rock stability, is as follows. In any discussion of methods of underground mining comparison, one is repeatedly confronted with the difficulty of dealing with so many variable conditions. Underground mining methods study guide by fransterz includes 16 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more.
In sublevel caving, relatively thin blocks of ore are caused to cave by successively undermining small panels. Apr 21, 20 sublevel caving past and future australian centre for 23 dec 2009 induced caving hence the name sublevel caving. Design and operational issues for increasing sublevel cave. Ore is produced by drilling and blasting longholes, which can range from 50 mm 2 in.
Sublevel stoping mining methods are very popular in canadian metal mines since they enable maximum ore recovery due to pillarless mining. When the grade is highly variable in the orebody, re coveries normally decrease on passing from a selective method of mining such as cutandfill, for instance to a nonselective method such as sublevel stoping. Mining methods in underground mining second edition 2007. As long as a currencys mining is merged with the freeloading currency, it will be powerless to increase incentives by imposing mandatory transaction fees. Introduction the sublevel stoping mining method is usually applied to a relatively steeply dipping, competent ore body, surrounded by competent wall rock. Yamatomi encyclopedia of life support systems eolss underground mining methods and equipment s.
In shrinkage stoping, mining proceeds from the bottom upwards, in horizontal slices. Sublevel caving technique by partha d sharma issuu. Sublevel stoping, cut and fill mining and sublevel caving have generally replaced shrinkage mining in australia, europe and canada. Caving underground mining methods longwall, sublevel caving. For the same tonnage, grades are lower, while for the same grades tonnages decrease. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors.
This article provides detailed design and development information on the sublevel open stoping mining method along with key information regarding project economics and safety. Open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. It differs from manual methods such as timbered and shrinkage as once the. Current longwall mining method applied in the mine the current method used in the abovementioned mines is a sublevel longwall cavingretreat method. It was developed over the years from a method originally known as short hole. This paper deals with the geometrical elements of the mining method depending on the geomechanical characteristics of the coal. It is a very popular method chosen when open pit mining activities are no longer economical and mines move to underground operations. Black diamond drilling services australia database. The method is still used in a handful of nonmechanised mines in south america, africa, asia and canada.
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